?挖掘機在工作時，需要定期對液壓系統(tǒng)進行維護，從而提高挖掘機的工作效率但在維護過程中往往會出現(xiàn)一些故障，例如：挖掘機經(jīng)常啟動后不能正常工作，或者頻繁的調(diào)整速度；出現(xiàn)故障時一般是沒有明顯的聲音或振動；甚至出現(xiàn)有水或潤滑油流出等等。
下面我們就一起來看看如何對挖掘機進行故障診斷和維修液壓系統(tǒng)故障診斷是工程機械維護中一項非常重要的工作，但也是一項非常繁瑣和復(fù)雜的工作我們只能在挖掘機維護期間排除故障檢修挖掘機液壓系統(tǒng)的方法是什么？ 一、根據(jù)液壓系統(tǒng)中的不同部件及功能，檢測其部件的工作性能與功能。
首先要檢查液壓泵的工作性能，主要檢查壓力、流量、壓力等參數(shù)的變化情況其次還要檢查控制元件的工作性能，如液壓表和壓力、流量等主要參數(shù)的變化情況，并測試其功能正常與否，如故障如何變化；是否有泄漏等檢查挖掘機液壓系統(tǒng)中是否存在嚴重的缺陷，如閥件磨損、松動、變形、漏油、泄漏等。
當出現(xiàn)上述現(xiàn)象時，應(yīng)及時檢查或更換相關(guān)的元件和部件，并將問題記錄下來，以便及時排除故障只有這樣才能對挖掘機液壓系統(tǒng)進行檢修，確保其性能良好和正常使用對故障的判斷主要集中在故障的特征及影響因素和原因上 1、故障特征主要表現(xiàn)為液壓泵異常振動，有時還會發(fā)出噪音、啟動困難等癥狀，這可能由于油溫過高或壓力太低造成。
影響因素：油溫過高，導(dǎo)致流量、壓力減?。粔毫μ?，導(dǎo)致啟動困難影響因素：液壓泵流量過大或壓力過低，會造成泵堵死，從而引起油溫過高或啟動困難影響因素：液壓泵工作壓力低或真空泵吸油不干凈造成空氣進入活塞桿內(nèi)側(cè)形成空氣密封腔；真空泵吸油不干凈；油壓表不顯示出壓力值等。
2、影響因素及原因可能引起的故障有： ①、液壓系統(tǒng)中有無固體雜物；②、液壓油的質(zhì)量是否良好；③、系統(tǒng)是否存在嚴重缺陷 3、可能的影響因素是由于壓力閥的閥體密封不良，閥芯的磨損或閥芯安裝不當、磨損嚴重而產(chǎn)生漏油。
檢查時，要先將液壓泵安裝到主機上，然后將閥芯卸下，將閥芯放入空腔內(nèi)，再將閥體從空腔蓋中裝入，然后用螺栓將閥芯固定，再進行壓力測試；若壓力值未達到正常值，可再進行檢查，若壓力仍未達到正常值，可再次測量；若壓力仍未達到正常值，可將閥芯拆下（裝閥時應(yīng)將閥體裝好),進行壓力試驗。
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