?當系統(tǒng)中液壓元件運動到某一位置或某一角度時，液壓系統(tǒng)中的液壓油液將對其產(chǎn)生作用并產(chǎn)生壓力或能量流動來完成特定的任務液壓系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)形式可以簡單的分為直線運動形式、圓弧運動形式、曲線運動形式等這些結(jié)構(gòu)形式從根本上決定了液壓系統(tǒng)工作的復雜性及其對環(huán)境影響程度；從根本上決定了液壓件在復雜環(huán)境中工作時存在著一些缺點或缺陷。
例如直線運動形式主要用于傳遞能量和動力；圓弧運動時主要用于傳遞壓力；曲線運動形式主要用于傳遞速度和力矩；曲線運動形式結(jié)構(gòu)簡單易于實現(xiàn)自動化；曲線運動量相對較?。辉谟休^高精度要求下，結(jié)構(gòu)簡單便于實現(xiàn)控制性能要求，在有足夠精度要求情形下可以實現(xiàn)自動控制性能要求；一般使用液壓油就可以進行控制；在環(huán)境條件較差時使用液壓油有利于液壓件工作時保持工作穩(wěn)定；在實際工作中使用液壓油不僅可以有效地減少液壓件自身消耗，還可以延長液壓件使用壽命等作用。
液壓液通常分為有機液壓液（油）和無機液壓液兩大類 1、有機液壓液 有機液壓液是一種完全合成的液壓油它有很好的低溫性能，具有良好的流動性、剪切性能和抗磨損性其化學成分非常穩(wěn)定，無氣孔，無離子交換反應，水解反應，其質(zhì)量分數(shù)不超過2%(質(zhì)量分數(shù)為5%時一般應超過50%)。
同時這種油液還具有抗氧化和防止水解及防油垢的作用有機液壓液主要用于工業(yè)生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域和設備上的各種液壓元件工作場所，如：起重機齒輪嚙合中起到潤滑作用；高速旋轉(zhuǎn)的精密機械中可有效地減少摩擦及防止污染、防止銹蝕、防銹防生銹等。
同時還可以替代傳統(tǒng)液壓油來使用，降低燃油消耗、提高工作效率因此有機液壓液有廣泛的應用前景，是目前許多工業(yè)設備上不可缺少的優(yōu)良液壓液 2、密封作用 密封是液壓件發(fā)揮密封作用的重要形式密封元件受到一定壓力后，液體從外部進入并且與其相隔離。
液體與內(nèi)部油液間能進行熱量傳遞從而保證工作溫度不超過油溫極限以下液體如果受有泄漏的介質(zhì)影響會發(fā)生漏油事故，這種漏油事故會對整個系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生危害通過機械密封元件可以防止液體泄漏，如活塞或者氣缸、活塞環(huán)以及密封填料等。
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